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2026-02-21Convert 'alloc_obj' family to use the new default GFP_KERNEL argumentLinus Torvalds
This was done entirely with mindless brute force, using git grep -l '\<k[vmz]*alloc_objs*(.*, GFP_KERNEL)' | xargs sed -i 's/\(alloc_objs*(.*\), GFP_KERNEL)/\1)/' to convert the new alloc_obj() users that had a simple GFP_KERNEL argument to just drop that argument. Note that due to the extreme simplicity of the scripting, any slightly more complex cases spread over multiple lines would not be triggered: they definitely exist, but this covers the vast bulk of the cases, and the resulting diff is also then easier to check automatically. For the same reason the 'flex' versions will be done as a separate conversion. Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2026-02-21treewide: Replace kmalloc with kmalloc_obj for non-scalar typesKees Cook
This is the result of running the Coccinelle script from scripts/coccinelle/api/kmalloc_objs.cocci. The script is designed to avoid scalar types (which need careful case-by-case checking), and instead replace kmalloc-family calls that allocate struct or union object instances: Single allocations: kmalloc(sizeof(TYPE), ...) are replaced with: kmalloc_obj(TYPE, ...) Array allocations: kmalloc_array(COUNT, sizeof(TYPE), ...) are replaced with: kmalloc_objs(TYPE, COUNT, ...) Flex array allocations: kmalloc(struct_size(PTR, FAM, COUNT), ...) are replaced with: kmalloc_flex(*PTR, FAM, COUNT, ...) (where TYPE may also be *VAR) The resulting allocations no longer return "void *", instead returning "TYPE *". Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <kees@kernel.org>
2026-01-26kho: test: clean up residual memory upon test_kho module unloadLong Wei
During the initialization phase, the test_kho module invokes the kho_preserve_folio function, which internally configures bitmaps within kho_mem_track and establishes chunk linked lists in KHO. Upon unloading the test_kho module, it is necessary to clean up these states. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260107022427.4114424-1-longwei27@huawei.com Signed-off-by: Long Wei <longwei27@huawei.com> Acked-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Alexander Graf <graf@amazon.com> Cc: hewenliang <hewenliang4@huawei.com> Cc: Pasha Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com> Cc: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-01-26kho: relocate vmalloc preservation structure to KHO ABI headerJason Miu
The `struct kho_vmalloc` defines the in-memory layout for preserving vmalloc regions across kexec. This layout is a contract between kernels and part of the KHO ABI. To reflect this relationship, the related structs and helper macros are relocated to the ABI header, `include/linux/kho/abi/kexec_handover.h`. This move places the structure's definition under the protection of the KHO_FDT_COMPATIBLE version string. The structure and its components are now also documented within the ABI header to describe the contract and prevent ABI breaks. [rppt@kernel.org: update comment, per Pratyush] Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/aW_Mqp6HcqLwQImS@kernel.org Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260105165839.285270-6-rppt@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Jason Miu <jasonmiu@google.com> Co-developed-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Alexander Graf <graf@amazon.com> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Pasha Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com> Cc: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2025-11-27test_kho: always print restore statusPratyush Yadav
Currently the KHO test only prints a message on success, and remains silent on failure. This makes it difficult to notice a failing test. A failing test is usually more interesting than a successful one. Always print the test status after attempting restore. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251118181046.23321-1-pratyush@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Pasha Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com> Reviewed-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Acked-by: SeongJae Park <sj@kerneel.org> Cc: Alexander Graf <graf@amazon.com> Cc: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2025-11-27test_kho: unpreserve memory in case of errorPasha Tatashin
If there is an error half way through KHO memory preservation, we should rollback and unpreserve everything that is partially preserved. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251101142325.1326536-6-pasha.tatashin@soleen.com Co-developed-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Pasha Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com> Cc: Alexander Graf <graf@amazon.com> Cc: Changyuan Lyu <changyuanl@google.com> Cc: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org> Cc: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com> Cc: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@ziepe.ca> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org> Cc: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org> Cc: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org> Cc: Simon Horman <horms@kernel.org> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Zhu Yanjun <yanjun.zhu@linux.dev> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2025-11-27kho: drop notifiersMike Rapoport (Microsoft)
The KHO framework uses a notifier chain as the mechanism for clients to participate in the finalization process. While this works for a single, central state machine, it is too restrictive for kernel-internal components like pstore/reserve_mem or IMA. These components need a simpler, direct way to register their state for preservation (e.g., during their initcall) without being part of a complex, shutdown-time notifier sequence. The notifier model forces all participants into a single finalization flow and makes direct preservation from an arbitrary context difficult. This patch refactors the client participation model by removing the notifier chain and introducing a direct API for managing FDT subtrees. The core kho_finalize() and kho_abort() state machine remains, but clients now register their data with KHO beforehand. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251101142325.1326536-3-pasha.tatashin@soleen.com Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Co-developed-by: Pasha Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com> Signed-off-by: Pasha Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com> Cc: Alexander Graf <graf@amazon.com> Cc: Changyuan Lyu <changyuanl@google.com> Cc: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org> Cc: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com> Cc: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@ziepe.ca> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org> Cc: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org> Cc: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org> Cc: Simon Horman <horms@kernel.org> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Zhu Yanjun <yanjun.zhu@linux.dev> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2025-11-15lib/test_kho: check if KHO is enabledPasha Tatashin
We must check whether KHO is enabled prior to issuing KHO commands, otherwise KHO internal data structures are not initialized. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251106220635.2608494-1-pasha.tatashin@soleen.com Fixes: b753522bed0b ("kho: add test for kexec handover") Signed-off-by: Pasha Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com> Reported-by: kernel test robot <oliver.sang@intel.com> Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/oe-lkp/202511061629.e242724-lkp@intel.com Reviewed-by: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Alexander Graf <graf@amazon.com> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2025-10-07lib/test_kho: use kho_preserve_vmalloc instead of storing addresses in fdtMike Rapoport (Microsoft)
KHO test stores physical addresses of the preserved folios directly in fdt. Use kho_preserve_vmalloc() instead of it and kho_restore_vmalloc() to retrieve the addresses after kexec. This makes the test more scalable from one side and adds tests coverage for kho_preserve_vmalloc() from the other. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250921054458.4043761-5-rppt@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Cc: Alexander Graf <graf@amazon.com> Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: Changyuan Lyu <changyuanl@google.com> Cc: Chris Li <chrisl@kernel.org> Cc: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com> Cc: Pasha Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2025-09-13lib/test_kho: fixes for error handlingMike Rapoport (Microsoft)
* Update kho_test_save() so that folios array won't be freed when returning from the function and the fdt will be freed on error * Reset state->nr_folios to 0 in kho_test_generate_data() on error * Simplify allocation of folios info in fdt. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250811082510.4154080-3-rppt@kernel.org Fixes: b753522bed0b ("kho: add test for kexec handover") Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Reported-by: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/all/mafs0zfcjcepf.fsf@kernel.org Reviewed-by: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Cc: Alexander Graf <graf@amazon.com> Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: Changyuan Lyu <changyuanl@google.com> Cc: Pasha Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com> Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org> Cc: Thomas Weißschuh <linux@weissschuh.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2025-08-02kho: add test for kexec handoverMike Rapoport (Microsoft)
Testing kexec handover requires a kernel driver that will generate some data and preserve it with KHO on the first boot and then restore that data and verify it was preserved properly after kexec. To facilitate such test, along with the kernel driver responsible for data generation, preservation and restoration add a script that runs a kernel in a VM with a minimal /init. The /init enables KHO, loads a kernel image for kexec and runs kexec reboot. After the boot of the kexeced kernel, the driver verifies that the data was properly preserved. [rppt@kernel.org: fix section mismatch] Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/aIiRC8fXiOXKbPM_@kernel.org Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250727083733.2590139-1-rppt@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Alexander Graf <graf@amazon.com> Cc: Changyuan Lyu <changyuanl@google.com> Cc: Pasha Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com> Cc: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>